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健康身体离不开膳食纤维,这7种食物原来是“膳食纤维高手”!

燕翼贻谋2021-02-16

相比蛋白质、维生素这些热词,膳食纤维和它们比起来就没有这么“知名”了,但不代表膳食纤维的摄入就不重要,我们的健康同样离不开它!今天就来好好了解一番吧~

膳食纤维作为人体“七大营养素”之一,是指植物中自然存在、提取或合成的碳水化合物聚合,属于多糖类物质。然而,不少人的膳食纤维摄入量都显示不足。

足量的膳食纤维,可降低疾病风险

虽然膳食纤维不能被消化、吸收,但它有着重要的保健功能,如足量的膳食纤维可以防止便秘、减肥、保护肠道等。

摄入足量的膳食纤维,对降低某些疾病的风险有帮助 ,那么我们摄入多少膳食纤维才算“足量”呢?

膳食纤维的摄入量

中国营养学会提出, 成年人的膳食纤维摄入量为25g~35g/天,比如每天摄入500克蔬菜,约10克膳食纤维,再吃250克水果,约5g膳食纤维,其余的吃杂粮补充。

而“富贵病”(糖尿病、脂肪肝、肥胖病等)患者在此基础上,应增加10~15 g/天;2~20岁的幼童、青少年,其摄入量按年龄增加5~10 g/日。

按照这一个标准,就不用担心出错了。

但是,大家不要盲目食用过量的膳食纤维,否则对健康有危害。

一方面,过量摄入膳食纤维,在延缓糖分和脂类吸收的同时,也在一定程度上阻碍了部分常量和微量元素的吸收,特别是钙、铁、锌等元素。

另一方面,大量食用膳食纤维,可能使胃肠道“不堪重负”。尤其糖尿病患者的胃肠道功能较弱,胃排空往往延迟,甚至出现不同程度的胃轻瘫。

那我们平时该怎么吃呢?

小编建议:将膳食纤维的量平均分配到三餐,多种食物搭配,蔬菜的摄入量要大于水果(大部分蔬菜的纤维比水果高);

大家先每天摄入一定量,再根据自己的身体情况,逐渐适应后,再增加分量;胃肠功能不好的人,不适合摄取大部分膳食纤维,如老人、做过手术者等。

7大“膳食纤维高手”

我们在日常的食物中,就能轻易地获取膳食纤维。以下7种常见食物,它们都富含膳食纤维,不妨多吃吃吧!

07

羽衣甘蓝:4.1g/100g;

适合减肥者,建议做沙拉餐,忌大火炒,否则破坏营养。

06

芋头:5.1g/100g

最好用来替代米饭等主食,储存时不要放冰箱,洗时要戴手套。

05

燕麦:10.1/100g

适合早餐吃,一次的食用量低于40g;消化差的人不宜多吃。

04

百香果:10.4g/100g

含人体必需的17种氨基酸等,有助于消除疲劳、降脂。

03

黄豆:15.5g/100g

富含大豆异黄酮,对女性有益,但嘌呤物质多,痛风者不宜吃。

02

杏仁:19.2g/100g

一天吃3~4粒为宜;苦杏仁要熟食,且每天不超过10粒。

01

魔芋:74.4g/100g

理想的“降糖食品”,主要成分是魔芋胶;低脂、零卡路里。

注意3个误区

1、食物切碎了,膳食纤维就没用?

蔬果被切碎了,它们所含的膳食纤维并不会因此“失效”。

特别是对于肠胃不好、牙齿不好的人来说,蔬果切碎后,膳食纤维变得更细小,能减轻对牙齿、肠胃的负担,更有益于健康。

2、口感粗糙的食物才含膳食纤维?

口感与食物中是否含有膳食纤维没有关系,此判断方法不科学。

膳食纤维分为可溶性与不可溶性。坚果、芹菜、玉米的口感粗糙,却含不可溶性膳食纤维;而大麦、豆类、胡萝卜、柑橘类水果的口感较细腻,却含可溶性膳食纤维。

3、吃膳食纤维一定可以变瘦?

膳食纤维虽然能产生饱腹感,对减肥有帮助,但要真正瘦下来,关键在于控制总热量的摄入。

在进食了高膳食纤维食物后,应减少其他食物的摄入,否则依然瘦不了。

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