Banpo Museum is China's first prehistoric site museum, located in Baqiao District of Xi'an Banpo Road. 1957 built on the ruins of Banpo, 1958 formally opened. A national key cultural relics protection units. Banpo Ruins of the Yellow River Basin is a more complete, more typical matriarchal commune village sites, in addition to the original village residential areas built heritage is still 3,000 square meters of outdoor exhibition was built to protect the hall. Banpo ruins of houses, mass graves cellar, kitchen pit, buried Men and women, all kinds of production and daily necessities and other relics relics vividly demonstrated to us 6000 years ago, the ancestors of production and life in a matriarchal society boom Happening. It has important scientific value of the study of Chinese history primitive society.

Banpo site is divided into residential, pottery, tombs of three zones, residential areas is the main village. Banpo Neolithic people belong, using mainly wood and stone tools. Women are the main productive Banpo people, pottery, textiles, livestock borne by them, men were mostly engaged in fishing and hunting. The museum three existing showroom, a hall site. Here you can not only see the simple era of human childhood, but also looking into the Huaxian Zu hardships footprint.

Banpo matriarchal village is an organic extension of Banpo Museum on display. It actively protect the site as the premise, based on archaeological data, the precious heritage moved from the ground floor, three-dimensional reproduction of the human matriarchal society. Its rich connotation of the museum, carry forward the Chinese long cultural history, a blend of prehistoric art, customs and habits, houses pastoral life of the Yellow River. It play to the advantages of cultural relics, scientific research, archeology, education, tourism, entertainment, Chinese and foreign tourists as "the first Chinese village."

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Gallery

Gallery like a big teacher, go into them seem to be able to smell the distant atmosphere. It is on display in the museum excavated from the ruins of production tools and household items, divided into stone, bone and pottery three. Banpo people to make a large number of pottery, they look childish naive, curious to observe and understand the constantly changing world of gorgeous, with color drawn on pottery, artistic image although Jian Jie, but profound meaning, fully reproduce their spirit world.

That piece of painted pottery basin Seaman pattern decoration Banpo relics should be the most famous one. A lot of people have seen in high school history textbooks. Seaman this pattern pottery terracotta pot made of fine mud, open roll lip, the inner wall of the basin two symmetrical pattern Seaman painted black. Thin and flat to the human eye, nose straight, his calm, fish pattern modification division two adjacent nozzle, the head coincides with the mouth of the housing, with two opposite ear two fish, mermaid body constituting the unique image.

In Banpo ruins unearthed many relics, as well as the "first" on a number of Archeology: archaeological pottery caldron is the first time that the use of steam cooking equipment; Banpo pottery decoration, and Seaman map Figure deer is the earliest painting; Banpo pottery Xun is the discovery of the oldest wind instrument; Banpo people began to dress himself, a traditional Chinese string together the bun inserted hairpin hair first appeared here; there are some original portrayal symbol, although it still can not decipher, but as a young rows of Chinese characters is certain.

Sites Halls

Here is the focus of Banpo Museum, is found in the ruins of the ground set up protected areas. Yellow serene land, houses our ancestors lived, used pottery kiln cave Cave, tombs and other sites scattered in various regions, are silent era to tell the honest human childhood. The hall is very quiet, every visitor are breathless, as if afraid of accidentally blew the dust in 6000, awakened the ancient underground.

The typical matriarchal society clan village consists of three residential areas, pottery area and burial area, where the living room is the main village, dozens of houses patchwork of various sizes. Banpo houses people live, whether it is square or round, mostly a crypt, but mostly in a chalet, a big house only, in the center, surrounded by big houses and cottages built. According to the experts analysis, this should be a great place to house members of the clan group activities, similar to our auditorium today; and slightly low around is a member of the clan living in a dormitory. There are a lot of post holes on the site, the building should be used together with the stems and leaves of plants soil tree branches and other hybrid architecture made of. The today's perspective it is the humble "shack", but it is the originator of Chinese classical architecture combined civil structure.

In the surrounding residential area, also surrounded by a ditch, six to seven meters deep, five to eight meters wide, no modern mining equipment, Banpo people is completely simple stone spade a spade a spade digging into the hundreds m ditches, the vast project of its difficult, I am afraid that no less than a later cut the Grand Canal. This trench can either escape the beast attacks, but also as a resist alien invasion, but also as a barrier to resist the alien invasion, was later regarded as the prototype of the walls.

The northern part of the site is a complete clan cemetery. There are single burial ceremony funeral back straight, leaned funeral, secondary burial, buried, a few bent burial, funerary objects, mostly living appliances and accessories. The most special is the child's burial. The child mortality is generally used urn burial, single or multiple buried in the vicinity of housing, if people do not want to let the soul away from young adults like. Each child urn of the cover, also have left a small hole, is said to facilitate free access to the child's soul. There is a girl's wooden coffin, according to research, wooden coffin in this tomb may be the earliest coffin.

Auxiliary Museum

Third, fourth two galleries, organized by some of the major thematic exhibitions related to prehistory. These financial knowledge, interest and artistry has been widely praised and welcomed by foreign tourists as one of the exhibition.

Related Information

Banpo Ruins

Spring of 1953, Xi'an Baqiao power plant construction found pottery, archaeological training center also found the remains of a similar site in the vicinity of the east coast Chanhe Banpo Village. The banks in the cross section of the mesa, gray soil, braised soil layer, braised soil, pits and pit stove, and inclusions in the bone apatite ax, Ben, knife, hairpin, needles and other tools, utensils. It dug up a small pottery complete with a full bone hairpin accumulation layer in the sidewall of one pair of bucket irrigation wells. This discovery immediately to the site of the report of the Central Bureau of Cultural Relics Academy of Sciences Institute of Archeology and September of that year, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Archeology of Shaanxi Province excavation mission Banpo for a more in-depth investigation.

Autumn 1954 - the summer of 1957, has conducted five large-scale excavations, a large area exposing the working methods combined with stratification research, explore and clean up more than 40 houses the remains, found stone axes, stone adze, stone hoes , stone shovels, knives, ceramic knives, stone plates, stone pestle, stone chisels 735, found there miliary and storage space in the kiln and a large cave tombs.

Banpo Neolithic site is typical of the Yellow River Basin Yangshao a matriarchal settlement sites, dating back 5600-- between 6700 years. The spring of 1953 found the site, site area of ​​50,000 square meters. From September 1954 to the summer of 1957, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Archeology organization of nearly 200 archaeological workers before and after excavation five times, lasted for nearly four years, exposing the site area of ​​10,000 square meters, get a lot of valuable scientific information. Were found the remains of 45 houses, at 2 pens, Jiaoxue more than 200, kiln 6, various types of tombs 250 (of which 174 adult tombs, children urn 73) as well as production tools and domestic appliances, about ten thousand artifacts.

Banpo range irregular circular settlement. Residential area in the center, north and south two, each piece has a big house for public use activities, as well as a number of small houses, during which the distribution Jiaoxue and livestock pens. A residential area, surrounded by a trench, ditch north is a public cemetery, east Tao ditch field. According to the research, this settlement is a gathering of tribal lands two clans. Banpo economic life of the residents of both agriculture and fishing and hunting. Unearthed ax, hoe, shovel, knife, disc, rod mill and other stone tools, arrowheads, spear, net sinkers, hooks and other fishing and hunting tools. Also found remains of millet grains and vegetables, as well as domestic and wild animal bones. Common pottery jar coarse sand, small mouth pointed bottom bottle and bowl. Pottery is very good, red to black color, patterns concise and plain, painted faces of the people, fish, deer, foliage and geometric patterns. It found that 22 kinds of carved symbols from the pottery, some people think that might be an original text. Banpo adult death buried in public cemeteries, often buried with pottery and bone beads and other decorations. Find two same-sex burial tomb were buried two men and four women, generally considered to be burial custom matriarchal society. Death of a child buried in a residential area, the use of urn burial. A girl exquisite tomb burial pit in rich, wooden coffin, then show love for the girl's weight.

The site covers an area of ​​about 50,000 square meters, roughly the shape of a slightly longer north-south, east-west a little short of irregular oval, divided into residential areas around the Tai Wai ditch, clan cemetery north of the ditch and around the area east of pottery three parts. In the range of about 10,000 square meters of excavation, discovery and unearthed a rich heritage and a large number of relics.

In 1958, built on the site of Banpo Ruins Museum, April 1, 1958 officially opened.

In 1961, the State Council announced the People's Republic of China Banpo ruins as a national key cultural relics protection units.

In 1996, the Banpo Museum was identified as one of one hundred patriotism education bases nationwide.

In 1997, the government of Xi'an Banpo Museum rated as one of the "Top Ten Xi'an Tourism King," Banpo ruins as a national key cultural relics protection units of the State Council promulgated.

In March 2003, Banpo backfill protection.

In 2006, the Banpo site reopened.

Car lines

Address: Banpo Road, Baqiao District of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province No. 155

Car lines: the multiplicative 11,15,105 Xi'an Banpo bus stop and the like.