Yuanmingyuan Yuanmingyuan is located in the western suburbs of Beijing Haidian District, the Summer Palace and tight adjacent. It was built in Kang Xi 46 years (1709), the Summer Palace, Changchun Park, Wan Chunyuan Park III components. There are more than 100 scenic gardens, construction area of ​​over 160,000 square meters, the Qing Dynasty emperors created and operating in more than 150 years between a large royal palace.

"Summer Palace", was named by the Kang Xi Emperor. Xuan Ye Yu Shu words plaque, hanging just above the lintel Yuanmingyuan house. There is an explanation for this park name of Emperor Yongzheng, said the meaning of "Yuanmingyuan" the word is: "round and ecstatic, when the gentleman also; bright and shining, Daren wise also." Mean, "circle" refers to the personal qualities a successful intact, beyond the ordinary; "that" refers to the political performance Mingguang shine, perfectly sensible. This can be advertised over the feudal ruling class could maintain the standard Xianxiang.

In addition, "Yuan Ming" Emperor Yongzheng period from Prince chanted been using, Yongzheng Emperor Worship of Buddhism, No. "Yuan Ming Buddhist" Dharma and have deep study. Author "Royal option quotations" volume 19 and "magic sorting imperial recorded Discrimination." In the pattern of the early Qing Dynasty Buddhist sects, the Yongzheng emperor to Zen Zongjiang itself, and as a "world master" to impose upon Buddhist, efforts to promote "three religions" and "International Buddhist Progress Society unity" is the history of Buddhism very important person. Emperor Kangxi in the garden when given Yinzhen (later Emperor Yongzheng), inscribed park called "Summer Palace" It is intended to take Yongzheng Buddhist name "Yuan Ming."

Yuanmingyuan is one of the famous imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty. Yuanmingyuan Park III area of ​​over 5,000 more than 200 acres, more than 150 views. Yuanmingyuan was first given to Emperor Kang Xi Emperor Yin zhen four sons (later Emperor Yongzheng) the garden. When Kang Xi forty-six years that the year 1707, the garden has taken shape. In November, Kang Xi emperor has visited the Summer Palace travel tours. Yongzheng emperor ascended the throne after 1723, thanks to expansion of the original park, and build a temple fair and square and the main hall and cabinet ground in South Park, six, military aircraft at various values ​​room, Royal to "avoid noise hearings." Emperor Qianlong reign of 60 years, but each of Yuanmingyuan business structure, day repair Hua, Shi Chun water transfer, charge silver million. In addition to his Yuanmingyuan local additions, alterations, except in tightly built east of Changchun Park, in the southeast neighborhood incorporating Yee Spring Garden. Qianlong thirty-five years, ie 1770, Yuanming three parks are taken shape. Jiaqing North Korea, mainly to carry out repairs and Yee Spring Garden extension built, making it one of the main park home sites. North Korea dynasty, the national affairs on the decline, lack of financial resources, but rather the withdrawal Wanshou, Xiangshan, Yuquan "three mountains" of furnishings, strike Rehe Mountain and Mulan hunting, renovation and decoration not give up three parks of Yuanmingyuan.

Yuanmingyuan History

Kang Xi period: Kang Xi forty-eight years (1709), Emperor Kangxi (that is, the Qing Patriarch Xuan Ye) will give a garden a north northwest Beijing Chang Chun Xu of the fourth sub-Yinzhen, and the amount of the pro-Park theme " Yuanmingyuan. "

Yongzheng period: Yongzheng three years (1725), the Yongzheng Emperor (ie King Sejong Yin Zhen) in the south of the Yuanmingyuan Palace Government Office build, covers an area of ​​six hundred acres to expand from the original three thousand acres. Since then, the Summer Palace is not only the Qing dynasty emperor leisure places to visit, but also towards their ministers meeting, met with foreign diplomats, government daily disposal sites.

Qianlong period: Qianlong Emperor (ie Gaozong Hong Li) ascended the throne, adjusted within a landscape garden Yuanmingyuan, adding a group of buildings, and in the east and southeast of the construction of the Changchun neighborhood Yuanmingyuan Park and Yee Spring Garden (renamed when Tongzhi Wan Chunyuan). All three gardens are part of the Yuanmingyuan Administration Management Minister, said Yuanming three parks.

Xianfeng period: Xianfeng years (1860) August, British and French forces invaded Beijing. October 6, occupied the Winter Palace. From the next day, officers and soldiers frantically looting and destruction. In order forced the Qing government to accept the conditions of peace negotiation as soon as possible, the British Minister Elgin, the British commander Grant to the Qing government had captured the British and French officers imprisoned in the Summer Palace as an excuse, the command will be led by Mitchell in invading army three thousand October 18 500 people headed towards the Old Summer Palace, set on fire. The fire lasted three days and three nights.

After Tongzhi period: Tongzhi period (1862), Emperor Tongzhi ready to repair the Summer Palace, residence for the Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, because of financial difficulties, he was forced to stop, converted other buildings. In 1900, the Allied Forces invaded Beijing, Yuanmingyuan was destroyed again. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, warlords, politicians, bureaucrats, have been stolen from the Old Summer Palace building supplies, further destruction of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins.

During the People's Republic of China: After the founding of People's Republic of China, the country attaches great importance to the protection of the ruins of Yuanmingyuan. In 1979, Beijing Yuanmingyuan Ruins was listed as key cultural relics protection units. After that, the renovation work of the Yuanmingyuan Ruins gradually. Is now being turned into Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park.

To mid-Qing Dynasty, the country's science and technology has lagged far behind the West, increasingly acute class contradictions, 1840 (dynasty two years) to provoke a war of aggression against Western colonialists - the first Opium War; then erupted domestic against the rule of the Qing dynasty, "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom."

October 1856, Britain and France jointly launched the second Opium War. First in Guangzhou twice provoke a war, but not to the desire to period. In order to direct the Qing government put pressure on Chen Bing resolved the capital. Invading army in May 1858 nearly forced Tianjin, the Qing government was forced respectively, Britain, France, Russia and the United States signed the humiliating "Treaty of Tianjin."

1860 (Xianfeng years) in July, the British and French invaders army again broke into the Taku estuary fleet to the British and French envoy to Beijing is about to change under the guise of side force was advancing side trap to "make peace." Chen Bing capital object, Qing force submission. Corrupt and incompetent Qing Government has been uncertain defensive war policy. Invading troops push deep encroaching Tongzhou. September 21, Tongzhou Bali Qiao Qing battle lost, the next morning, Emperor Xianfeng fled in panic from the Summer Palace in Chengde Mountain Resort away, resulting in the capital without the Lord, the King are scattered, Juncu Chi negligent, the people fear big crisis situation .

Yuanmingyuan in Xianfeng years, namely in October 1860, was the British and French troops looted and burned, become a humiliation on the history of Chinese modern history.

In 2010, Britain, France, China Association of World Records named the world's two largest relics robbers, France, the United Kingdom also selected the world's largest fire Yuanmingyuan relics Chinese Association of World Records destroy crimes. Britain, France created two shameless in the world.

Related Information

Park the vehicle : ① cable car: from room value to the throttle green bridge wire method (roundtrip), one-way 5 / person. ② wheelchair: Yee Spring Garden Changchun Park east gate and palace are equipped with wheelchair (free rent, deposit 500 yuan).

Cruise : ① two berth: Old Summer Palace are located in Phuoc Hai Hai Yue Park Changchun pier and dock cardigan (hand scull boat).

exhibition

① Yuanmingyuan Gallery

Location: Western House Ruins Park in Changchun area.

Services: Free to visit the museum every half hour to explain the timing, pick-speaking community; looping video clip "the first Chinese Garden of destruction", play time: 8:30 - 17:00. Sales Yuanmingyuan history books, pictures.

② Yuanmingyuan Sheng time model exhibition

Location: Located southeast of the Western House Ruins Park District, Changchun, northeast side with the Church.

Services: the whole point of the slightest explanation.

Catering : three holes bridge fast food, fast food tearoom was full Court, galleries fast food tearoom, fast food maze.

Parking: ① vehicle Parking: Yee Spring Garden palace parking spaces (110 parking spaces); Changchun Park East Gate parking spaces: (80 spaces). ② bicycle parking lot in Yee Spring Garden palace.

Car lines

Metro: Metro Line 4: mouth Yuanmingyuan station B

bus:

Yee Spring Garden arrival Yuanmingyuan palace car lines: 320,628,697,801,6,319,331,432,438,498,664,690,696,826 and so on.

Yuanmingyuan Park East Gate to reach the Changchun car lines: 664, and other special 4,982,365,432,656,681,717,743,814,963.