Tianshou Ming Tombs is located in the foothills. The total area of ​​more than 120 square kilometers. About fifty kilometers from Beijing. Ming Tombs is located in the east, west, north small basin surrounded by mountains, surrounded by hilly mountains, there are central to long and winding river before plains, hills, picturesque scenery. Thirteen imperial tombs were built the mountain were built on three sides of the foothills east, west, north, formed a complete system, large-scale, magnificent mausoleum buildings. Warlock Ming Dynasty thought, here is the "feng shui" shengjing, great "Ji soil." Construction was selected as the imperial tombs of the Ming Dynasty "years of life domains." The cemetery was built in 1409 ~ 1644, dating back over 300 to 500 years of history. Hill covers an area of ​​40 square kilometers, it is China and the world's largest existing, most Empress mausoleum tombs complex one. When the Ming Dynasty, the way in Shahe Town, built a seven-hole stone "Chaozong bridge." In Town, then built a magnificent "Gonghua city." The city was originally the palace when the Emperor Jia Jing Jiling rest of the way, now the only remaining sites.

Ming Tombs of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to the general term for the royal mausoleum of 13 emperors tomb after Beijing, in turn built Changling (emperor), Xian Ling (Ren), Jing Ling (emperor), Yu Ling (Hidemune), Maoling ( Xianzong), Tailing (Xiao Zhong), Kang Ling (Wu Zong), yongling (Sejong), Zhaoling (Mouzon), tomb (Ancestor), Qing Ling (Mitsumune), Germany Ling (Tianqi), Siling (Si cases), said Ming Tombs. Scenic spots have been open Changling, Dingling Mausoleum, Sacred Way.

Ming Tombs Chinese emperors mausoleum preserved in relatively good one. After the founding of People's Republic of China, the government in order to protect this heritage, from the early days of liberation began to carry out repairs, and the Ming Tombs be protected as a national key cultural relics. In 1957, the Beijing Municipal Government announced the Ming Tombs in Beijing for the first batch of key cultural relics protection units ancient. In 1961, the Ming Tombs was announced as the national cultural heritage. In 1982, the State Council announced Badaling - one of the 44 key scenic reserve Ming Tombs Scenic Area. In 1991, the Ming Tombs by the National Tourism Administration as one of "China's 40 best tourist destination." In 1992, the Ming Tombs is the world's most tourism Selection Committee awarded Beijing "is the most preserved burial tombs of the emperor of the world."

Why the Ming emperor only sixteen Ming Tombs

Thirteen Ming Tombs of the Ming emperor's tomb. After sixteen Ming emperor, Ming Tombs Why call it? This goes back to the history of the Ming Dynasty. Founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, its capital in Nanjing, Nanjing Zhongshan buried after the death of Yang called "Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum." The second emperor Zhu Yunwen (the emperor) to its uncle Zhu Di, "Jing Nan" (for the emperor intended to relieve distress) name to send troops hit Nanjing, Jianwen disappeared. Some people say the belongings of the monks, in short, is missing (this is an unsolved case in the history of the Ming Dynasty), so there is no tomb. The seventh emperor Zhu Qi Yu, its brother Hidemune emperor was captured Wala, namely the throne at the Queen Mother and the Minister's will. After the British were placed back in the planning henchmen henchmen, and engage in a "running for the door of change", Hidemune restoration, and sat the emperor. Zhu Qi Yu was killed, Hidemune not admit that he is the emperor, which was built in the mountainous region Tianshou to the tomb also destroyed. And the "king" of his identity will be buried in the western suburbs of Beijing Yuquan Mountain. In this way, the Ming emperor had two sixteen buried elsewhere, one missing, the remaining thirteen are buried in Shoushan days, so called "Ming Tombs, the emperor is ultimately self-immolation or escape from the secret tunnel, so far still a mystery.

Features hill

Ming Tombs is a mountainous area with a natural size, which is a mountain Taihang Mountains, west Guyan, north through Huanghua Town, Changping state to the south, is not only the mausoleum of the barrier, there really is the capital of the North screen. Taihang Mountains from Zezhou, Stretching north winds continue to take thousands in the mountains, to the Pass, Wan Feng stands Huixiang twisting and east, where they stand for the day Shoushan (formerly known as loess hill). Chia Tai Shan noble, majestic wide Philip, the main potential strength. Gu Yanwu Ming and Qing Dynasty famous scholar once wrote a poem describing the winning situation here: "the mountains from the south, the potential, if the dragon Xiang; toe squat Lu Long East, West Ridge Chi Taihang; rump after sitting yellow (yellow refers to the town), Beijing faces before God; there years house, called Kang Chuang; can accommodate one million people, suddenly opened the hall, "the beautiful natural landscape is considered poised feudal rulers.

Ming Tombs, is both a unified whole, each self-contained mausoleum and separate units, tombs similar specifications. Each tombs were built in a Piedmont. As little as half a kilometer between the hills and the hills, more than eight kilometers. In addition to the southwest corner of the biasing Siling, the rest are disaggregated into a fan-shape around Changling (see Figure). Under the guidance of traditional Chinese feng shui theory, the Ming Tombs, from site selection to planning and design, have paid great attention to the harmony with nature mausoleum mountains, water and vegetation, is tantamount to the pursuit of "match made in heaven," the perfect state to embody " Heaven "philosophy. Ming Tombs as an outstanding representative of the ancient Chinese Mausoleum, showing the rich connotation of Chinese traditional culture.

This hillside mausoleum built layouts have been appreciated foreign experts, such as the famous British historian Li Yuese said: tombs is a major achievement in the Chinese architectural form it is perhaps the contents of the entire pattern of the combination of part of the building and landscape art the greatest example of this. He commented Ming Tombs "the greatest masterpiece." His experience was "in the gatehouse views of the entire valley, its solemn meditation on the organic scene in the plane, during which all the buildings, and landscapes are to draw together, a wisdom of the people, by the architect and construction skills who is well expressed. "British urban planners Edmund Bacon also spoke highly of the Ming tombs of artistic achievement, he believes that" the most magnificent example of architecture 'moving' is the emperor of the Ming Dynasty tomb. "he pointed out: the layout of the hillside tomb complex of" how magnificent their momentum, the volume throughout the valley are utilized as honoring the dead kings. "they vividly depicts the Ming tombs architecture and the natural landscape. organic binding.

In 2003 the Ming Tombs are included in the "World Heritage List." Evaluation of the World Heritage Committee: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in accordance with feng shui theory, careful site selection, the large number of buildings cleverly placed in the ground. It is human nature to change the product, reflects the traditional architecture and decoration ideas, explained the feudal Chinese Five Hundred Years of sustained world view and outlook on power.

Related Attractions

Shinto

Ming Tombs Shinto, Shinto namely Changling, Changling mausoleum is the leading part of the building. The total length of 7.3 kilometers. Ming Dynasty from south to north, turn stone arch built three air bridges, dahongmen, magic holiness pavilion, stone figures, stars lattice door, five South air bridge, seven empty bridge, Northern Five empty Bridge Series Shinto tomb instrument facilities and construction of bridges and culverts. It was built in the Ming orthodox Dynasty Jiajing nineteen years (1540) to complete. Now in addition to building bridges and culverts have been residual bad, the other better preserved tomb meter facilities. From 1989 to 1995, the Ming Tombs, DC office of Shinto has implemented three large-scale conservation projects and environmental restoration project.

Stone Church

The first buildings on Shinto, is China's oldest existing building and the highest level of large-scale wood structure stone archway. Built in Jiajing nineteen years (AD 1540), Ming Zhu Hou Cong Sejong Commendation for the great achievements of its ancestors built the merit archway.

Whitehead and the phantoms bluestone carved assembled, Miankuo five (28.86 meters wide pass). Shape for the five six columns on the 11th floor. Among the five, next the middle between the widest between the left and right views, the width between the slightly descending order. It has main top 5, a mezzanine 4, two side floor. MingJian highest main, main ridge to its top surface about 12 meters high. The buildings are made Dianding veranda. Member which are following the shape of wood engraving member. Six columns support floor member has a lower end clamp rod stone. Surrounded by exquisite stone relief clamp bar were carved with "Two Lions Gun Xiuqiu", "Yunlong" and "grass Dragon" pattern. Each clamp rod stone carving Kirin lion lying front or the top, left and right sides are carved Baoshan. Place this magnificent body mass, the proportion of harmonization, beautifully produced, transparent ethereal, is China's existing stone arch of the few superior.

Dahongmen

In between Yongsan and Tiger Mountain, the hill is the total of the portal. Grand palace wall red, Dan Yan Dianding veranda, overlying yellow glazed tile, stone bearing the ice tray under the eaves, the provision of three coupons door. Coupons door on each side of the door stone pillow, who had worked with a door. Literature, both sides of the original large palace each corner gate. Closed the hill at the southern end of the wall, extending from the left and right sides of dahongmen to the top of two hills Yongsan, Tiger Mountain, then to the east and west sides winding away. Dahongmen is above Takaoka, the door is on the peak day Shoushan, and lined around Longshan and Hushan, the extraordinary momentum.

Dahongmen on the one hand is the gateway Tianshou hills area, while three openings set, but also regulate the ritual system of ideas and out of the hill people. The door is the late emperor, empress passage of the coffin and the altar, God card, offerings, ceremonial gate. Left door (East Gate) is the emperor Yeling access door. Right door (Simon) is Yeling officials Yeling door into the hill pass through. This is the ancient "centering and respect" and "still left" a concrete manifestation of the concept of ritual system.

Dismount monument

The left and right sides of the front stand dahongmen same shape, 5.32 meters high. Front and back of the monument are engraved with "dismount officials and other people" character. Zhaotingmingguan come Yeling, this Beiqian must dismount into the hills, to show reverence. Dismount monument, at the same time warning Yeling who also contrast decorate the hill portal.

Zhang Ming accounting cycle had been depicted hill sacred majesty:. "China table double standard white fence, red door dismount in the glow of shining silver saddle Qingpao color, emerald drops of pine Catalpa Pitt Hall of cold."

Magic holiness pavilion

Pavilion plane square LMH edge width 23.1 m, 25.14 m high kiosks, each surrounded by provision of coupons door, eaves Shanding. Pavilion walls and pedestal for the original Ming Dynasty, kiosks and stone bar top coupons are fifty to five years of Qing Emperor Qianlong (1785-1787) converted during the renovation, it is still intact. Top residual bad components After the founding of New China and the Republic of China had to be replaced and reinforced.

The pavilion set within the "Great Ming Zhang Ling magic holiness monument." Whitehead monument carved, by 7.9 meters high. Tombstone use of "turtle tablets dragons" type. First monument has six high relief in the form of a dragon. Dragon head and tail cross plate, head drooping. Tarsus is a monument overlooking the head of a large turtle. A layer under the rectangular stone turtle, engraved waves swirling flow. Since the Tang Dynasty style of this monument remains more. "Ming Hui Dian" said such a monument formula turtle tablets dragons. And in some ancient building construction books also known as the Ao Bixi monument or sit xi bat head turtle monument. Long legend Jackie Chan does not have nine sons, their different looks, different preferences, and therefore according to their preferences, their duties. Bixi, the first monument under tyrants or stand, or a servant at the monument, are devoted to their duties. No matter how called, have shown such a level of elegance and style monument mystery.

Zhang Ling magic holiness monument monument first positive Seal "Ming Zhang Ling magic holiness monument" nine characters. Monument that is the sunny side of Ren Ju Chi Ming personally wrote "Daming Zhang Ling magic holiness monument" inscription. The inscription written in the Ming Xi the first year (1425).

Dan's book inscription, orthodox beginning of the famous calligrapher, book Cheng Nanyun Tai Changqing and Hanlin paternity. The book inscriptions, well-structured, pen Bold, is a rare calligraphy works.

Zhang Ling magic holiness monument Pavilion grand spectacular, beautiful shape the Chinese table, majestic tall monument that external form, with the macro masterwork "Daming Zhang Ling magic Shengde Stele" against the background of each other, complement each other.

Zhang Ling magic holiness monument other three sides, the Ming Dynasty when no text. The Qing Qing Dynasty added, the imperial Qing Ren poetry.

Marble pillar

Stand magic virtues pavilion corners, Whitehead carved, 10.81 meters high, and disposed symmetrically. Chinese table four identical shape and ornamentation. Base are planar octagonal shape Mizuo. Square upper and lower are carved at the waist Yunlong fine pattern consistent. Chinese Table octagonal column, but the rounded corners of the comparator. Shaft of a column carved with lingering pillar circled the Thang Long and clouds. Chinese cloud shaped upper housing decorative stone. At the top of squatting stood a head Changsi of animal - squatting dragon. This is both a tomb of the four signs, but also a pavilion of stone ornaments, so that the surrounding environment is more solemn and sacred. Ming Dynasty Chinese table four weeks when he has white stone column, after the destruction. In 1994, when repairs were reconfigured Shinto.

Stone figures

Region from more than 800 meters north of the Changling magic virtues pavilion, stands 12 pairs and 6 Shishou Shirengou. According to historical records, the tomb stone had already appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but not many left behind before the Han kind. After the gradual emergence of a large number of Han, Sheng Yu Tang, the decline of the Qing Dynasty. These Shishou, stone figures known as "stone figures" in ancient instrument known as stone Wei Ming later. Feudal emperor worship "something dead as students" read at that later died in the underworld still need everything between sun, such as clothing, food, shelter, and so on. Thus build on the cemetery, you must reproduce scenes of life during his lifetime. Therefore erected on both sides of Shinto cemetery Shirengou and stone animals, demonstrating pre-eminence imperial drive, take "shape, such as green" meaning.

Tombs stone set follows the basic raw Xiaoling system, except that the stone looking columns to the extreme distal end of the intermediate raw stone raw stone, and adds four hero image. Which is the order stone looking columns, lions, haitai, camels, elephants, giraffe, horse, generals, and Fumiomi hero. Stone and stone animals per Shinto arranged on two sides opposing.

Lions, camels, elephants, horses four animals, is the real-life animals. They or ferocious or docile temperament, or a symbol of good luck, or with people around. And Xie Zhi, Kirin is a legendary animal.

After Shiren Shishou is - generals, civil officials and hero. Shiren, also known as "Wengzhong." According to legend, there was the Qin Dynasty general named Nguyen Wengzhong. He stands force, stationed at the border. Because prevention Hun active, after the death of Qin Shi Huang in his honor, in Xianyang Gong Sima door, as he cast a bronze statue. Later, people put the guardian of the temple, tomb stone, bronze statue collectively referred to as "Wengzhong."

The Ming Tombs Shinto six groups Shiren, fine carving, an air of realism. Chicken wings general wearing helmet wearing armor, commanding with one HW; Fumiomi hero and wearing robes, Daiqi Liang crown of the head, held towards Wat, air of silence.

Tombs Shinto the raw stone, stone are carved with a single piece. Wherein the largest stone like, comprising a base, a volume of nearly 30 m3.

Ling Xing Gate

Located at the end of the stone figures. It gating three, each door has two pillow stone door, two doors may be safe to take the "opening and closing the gates of six provided" means. Between three short wall, there was yellow-green glass ornaments in the Ming Dynasty, now instead of later repairs when the red walls and gray tiles shape. 1994 renovation, restored glass screen wall in the form of its.

Since the upper end of the middle of three large fang each decorated with Sarah flame decoration, it is also known flame arch. And when Empress burial hills, must go through this door, it is also often called the Dragon Gate.

Car lines

Scenic Area Address: Changping District, Beijing Ming Tombs, DC

Bus routes: 1, Metro Line 13 to 22 small Lishuiqiao Station Changping Road and 23 Road God, Tomb, Mausoleum; 2, Deshengmen by 345 to 345 Changping North Station or take the express train to Changping, then take 314 to the Sacred way, Dingling, Changling.

Car lines: along the Badaling Expressway to Changping Xiguan exit, pay 15 yuan exit the highway. After Changping west off the roundabout, go straight into the 110 national highway. At 34 km turn right into Ming Tombs highway, traveling about 200 meters, on the right side of the road is the Tombs of the stone arch, the Ming Tombs on both sides of the road are the apple orchard. Continue along the highway, you can see the way of God. Tombs of the T-junction, go straight is Dingling, Changling and other hill. Ming Tombs Reservoir Lake Road turn right. After entering the Ming Tombs Lake Road, was driving 4.7 km turn left to Mangshan park entrance, go straight to the Ming Tombs Reservoir.